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Quick Guide: Subject-Verb Agreement
Subject-verb agreement means the verb must match the subject. A singular subject takes a singular verb, and a plural subject takes a plural verb.
Examples:
- The cat is sleeping.
- The dogs play outside.
- She smiles when she sees her friends.
Main Uses
| Use | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Singular subject | singular subject + singular verb | The book is on the shelf. |
| Plural subject | plural subject + plural verb | The students are ready. |
| There structures | there + be + real subject | There is a dog under the tree. |
| Each / every / one | each/every/one + singular verb | Each student has a book. |
| Compound subject | A and B + plural verb | John and Mary run every morning. |
| Either / neither | verb agrees with nearest subject | Neither the manager nor the employees are available. |
| Collective noun | group as one unit = singular | The team is ready. |
| Quantity words | depends on countable/uncountable noun | Some of the money is missing. |
Find the Real Subject
The verb agrees with the main subject, not the words between the subject and verb.
Examples:
- The list of guests is on the table.
- The cost of these items is high.
- The results of the experiments are impressive.
In these examples, the subject is list, cost, or results, not the noun after of.
Singular Words
Words like each, every, one, nobody, neither, either, and every one usually take singular verbs.
Examples:
- Each of the boys has a bicycle.
- Nobody is late.
- Neither of the answers is correct.
- Every one of the students is on time.
Plural Words
Plural subjects take plural verbs.
Examples:
- Many people study here.
- Several students have finished.
- Both of the answers are acceptable.
- The reports that were submitted are incomplete.
Tricky Quantity Expressions
Use a number of + plural noun + plural verb.
Example:
- A number of students are absent.
Use the number of + plural noun + singular verb.
Example:
- The number of students is increasing.
With some, all, most, none, fractions, and percentages, look at the noun after of.
Examples:
- Some of the money is missing.
- All of the cookies are gone.
- Two-thirds of the land is affected.
- Three-quarters of the cookies were missing.
Be Careful
Do not let extra phrases confuse you.
Incorrect: The list of names are on the door.
Correct: The list of names is on the door.
Incorrect: One of the students are absent.
Correct: One of the students is absent.
Also remember that and usually makes the subject plural.
Example:
- The team and its coach are ready to leave.
Before answering, ask yourself:
What is the real subject, and is it singular, plural, or a special quantity expression?