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Quick Guide: Noun Phrases
A noun phrase is a group of words built around a noun. It can be very short or quite detailed.
Examples:
- this pencil
- a new suitcase
- the student’s final proposal
- a carefully worded statement of agreement
Main Uses
| Use | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Determiner + noun | this / that / these / those + noun | These papers are important. |
| Article + adjective + noun | a/an/the + adjective + noun | She bought a small mirror. |
| Possessive noun phrase | possessive + noun | My sister’s phone is new. |
| Compound noun | noun + noun | We waited at the bus stop. |
| Number + adjective + noun | number + adjective + plural noun | We need two white plates. |
| Hyphenated modifier | number/adjective + singular noun | a three-page report |
| Appositive phrase | noun, noun phrase, | Anna, my neighbor, called me. |
| Noun + of phrase | noun + of + noun phrase | the purpose of the survey |
Word Order in Noun Phrases
In English, adjectives and modifiers usually come before the noun.
Correct: a clean shirt
Incorrect: a shirt clean
Correct: the important papers
Incorrect: the papers important
For longer noun phrases, the usual order is:
determiner + adjective/modifier + main noun
Examples:
- a modern research center
- the new marketing plan
- several important guest speakers
This, That, These, Those
Use this and that with singular nouns.
Examples:
- this chair
- that blue notebook
Use these and those with plural nouns.
Examples:
- these clean towels
- those garden flowers
Possessives
Use ’s to show ownership or relationship.
Examples:
- my brother’s bike
- the manager’s car
- the student’s first proposal
For longer academic phrases, the possessive often comes before the main idea.
Example:
- the company’s outdated procedures
Compound Nouns
Sometimes two or more words work together as one noun phrase.
Examples:
- bus stop
- coffee machine
- student center
- customer-service guidelines
- risk-assessment analysis
The final word is usually the main noun.
Example:
- a coffee machine = a type of machine
- a student center = a type of center
Be Careful
Use a singular noun after hyphenated number modifiers.
Correct: a three-page report
Incorrect: a three-pages report
Correct: a two-year-old daughter
Incorrect: a two-years-old daughter
Also, do not use a full sentence as an appositive.
Incorrect: I met Anna, she my neighbor.
Correct: I met Anna, my neighbor.
Before answering, ask yourself:
What is the main noun, and what words correctly describe, count, or identify it?