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Quick Guide: Adjectives and Adverbs
Adjectives and adverbs describe words, but they do different jobs. Adjectives describe nouns or states. Adverbs usually describe verbs, adjectives, or whole ideas.
Examples:
- She is a careful student.
- She answered carefully.
- The cake smells delicious.
Main Uses
| Use | Form | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Adjective + noun | adjective before noun | a wonderful movie |
| Linking verb + adjective | look/sound/smell/taste/feel/seem + adjective | The soup tastes good. |
| Verb + adverb | adverb describes action | He drives safely. |
| Adverb + adjective | adverb strengthens adjective | The report was extremely detailed. |
| Adverb + adverb | adverb strengthens adverb | She spoke very clearly. |
| -ed adjective | feeling | I was surprised. |
| -ing adjective | cause of feeling | The ending was surprising. |
| Too | too + adjective/adverb | It is too hot. |
| Enough | adjective/adverb + enough | The room is big enough. |
| So / such | so + adjective / such + noun phrase | It was so useful. / It was such a useful lesson. |
Adjective or Adverb?
Use an adjective to describe a noun.
Examples:
- a careful student
- a practical solution
- an interesting presentation
Use an adverb to describe an action.
Examples:
- She spoke clearly.
- They worked efficiently.
- He answered politely.
Many adverbs end in -ly, but not all of them.
Examples:
- quick → quickly
- careful → carefully
- beautiful → beautifully
Some common adverbs do not use -ly.
Examples:
- Fast
- Hard
- Early
- Well
Linking Verbs
After verbs like be, seem, look, sound, smell, taste, and feel, use an adjective, not an adverb.
Examples:
- The flowers look fresh.
- The plan sounds reasonable.
- The cake smells delicious.
- I feel confident.
Be careful: these verbs describe a state, not an action.
Correct:
The soup tastes good.
Incorrect:
The soup tastes well.
The soup tastes deliciously.
-ed and -ing Adjectives
Use -ed adjectives to describe how someone feels.
Examples:
- I am interested in this book.
- The audience looked bored.
Use -ing adjectives to describe the thing that causes the feeling.
Examples:
- This book is interesting.
- The lecture was boring.
Too, Enough, So, and Such
Use too before an adjective or adverb when something is more than needed.
Example:
- The coffee is too hot to drink.
Use enough after an adjective or adverb.
Example:
- The room is large enough for the meeting.
Use so + adjective/adverb.
Examples:
- The test was so difficult.
- She spoke so quickly.
Use such + noun phrase.
Examples:
- It was such a difficult test.
- They gave us such useful advice.
Intensifiers and Degree Adverbs
Use intensifiers to show strength or degree.
Examples:
- very cold
- quite confusing
- rather difficult
- fairly simple
- extremely useful
Some adjectives are gradable, so they can be stronger or weaker.
Examples:
- very cold
- rather difficult
- fairly expensive
Some adjectives are already strong in meaning, so they usually do not take very.
Better:
- absolutely impossible
- completely wrong
- totally exhausted
Less natural:
- very impossible
- very exhausted
Adverb Position
Adverbs of frequency usually go before the main verb, but after be.
Examples:
- She often checks her answers.
- He usually arrives early.
- The instructions are usually clear.
Adverbs like already, just, still, never, probably often go before the main verb or after the first auxiliary.
Examples:
- I have already finished.
- She has just arrived.
Common Tricky Forms
Be careful with words whose meanings change.
hard = with effort
- She worked hard.
hardly = almost not
- She hardly worked.
late = after the expected time
- He arrived late.
lately = recently
- I haven’t seen him lately.
good = adjective
- She is a good singer.
well = adverb
- She sings well.
Be Careful
Do not use an adverb after a linking verb.
Incorrect: The soup tastes deliciously.
Correct: The soup tastes delicious.
Do not confuse good and well.
Correct: She is a good singer.
Correct: She sings well.
Before answering, ask yourself:
Am I describing a noun, an action, a feeling, the strength of another word, or the position of an adverb in the sentence?